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Part 2: Babies born in weeks 22-27

Verified by

Maria Midstam

Midwife

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    Part 2: Babies born in weeks 22-27

    Verified by

    Maria Midstam

    Midwife

    Verified and reviewed by: Midwife Maria Midstam

    In this five-part series, you will be able to read about premature babies and the neonatal unit.

    Hjärnans utveckling

    Det extremt för tidigt födda barnets hjärna är mycket omogen.
    De flesta nervceller har redan bildats, men hjärnans struktur behöver fortfarande utvecklas och organisera sig.

    • Merparten av barnets energi går till hjärnans utveckling.
    • Hjärnans struktur blir successivt mer organiserad, särskilt mellan vecka 25–27.
    • Den ökade strukturen gör att hjärnan börjar fungera mer effektivt – en viktig grund för framtida inlärning och intelligens.

    Under den här perioden kan barnet även börja reagera på röster och rörelser i sin omgivning.

    Sinnesintryck och rörelser

    Trots omognaden har flera sinnen redan börjat utvecklas:

    • Hörseln: Är redan utvecklad, men barnet är mycket känsligt för starka ljud.
    • Synen: Ögonlocken är tunna och ögonen känsliga. Under rätt förhållanden kan barnet öppna ögonen korta stunder.
    • Doft och smak: Doftsinnet är aktivt och barnet kan känna smaker.
    • Hud: Tunn, rödaktig och ömtålig med ytliga nervtrådar som gör huden mycket känslig.
    • Rörelsemönster: Omoget och ofta ryckigt. Barnet sträcker sig och rör sig reflexmässigt.

    Barnet växlar mellan ytlig sömn and lättare vakenhet, vilket gör det svårt att avgöra när det sover eller är vaket.

    Vård och stöd på neonatalavdelning

    I början behöver det extremt för tidigt födda barnet intensivvård.
    Miljön anpassas noggrant för att efterlikna den i livmodern: mörk, tyst och lugn.

    • Kuvös: En varm och fuktig kuvös hjälper barnet att hålla värmen och skyddar mot yttre stimuli.
    • Bäddnäste: Ger stöd åt kroppen och hjälper barnet att känna trygghet.
    • Andningsstöd: Många barn behöver hjälp av respirator på grund av ett oregelbundet andningsmönster.
    • Ljusbehandling: Ges vid behov, eftersom levern är omogen.
    • Näring: Barnet får små mängder mat via sond till magen, ofta kombinerat med näring via dropp.
    • Infektionskänslighet: Barnet är mycket mottagligt för infektioner och behöver noggrann hygien och övervakning.

    Rapid responses

    Hjärnan:

    Utvecklas snabbt och börjar organisera sig för effektivare funktion mellan vecka 25–27.

    Sinnesintryck:

    Barnet kan känna smak, doft och höra röster – men är känsligt för ljus och ljud.

    Hud:

    Tunn, rödaktig och ömtålig, med ytliga nervtrådar som gör huden känslig för beröring.

    Vård:

    Kuvös, andningsstöd och lugn miljö är avgörande för barnets trygghet och utveckling.

    Reaktioner:

    Barnet kan röra sig som svar på röster eller beröring.

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